11.DRF-權限

Django rest framework源碼分析(2)—-權限

添加權限

(1)API/utils文件夾下新建premission.py文件,代碼如下:

  • message是當沒有權限時,提示的信息
# utils/permission.py

class SVIPPremission(object):
    message = "必須是SVIP才能訪問"
    def has_permission(self,request,view):
        if request.user.user_type != 3:
            return False
        return True


class MyPremission(object):
    def has_permission(self,request,view):
        if request.user.user_type == 3:
            return False
        return True

(2)settings.py全局配置權限

#全局
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":['API.utils.auth.Authentication',],
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":['API.utils.permission.SVIPPremission'],
}

(3)views.py添加權限

  • 默認所有的業務都需要SVIP權限才能訪問
  • OrderView類裏面沒寫表示使用全局配置的SVIPPremission
  • UserInfoView類,因為是普通用戶和VIP用戶可以訪問,不使用全局的,要想局部使用的話,裏面就寫上自己的權限類
  • permission_classes = [MyPremission,] #局部使用權限方法
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from API import models
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework import exceptions
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from API.utils.permission import SVIPPremission,MyPremission

ORDER_DICT = {
    1:{
        'name':'apple',
        'price':15
    },
    2:{
        'name':'dog',
        'price':100
    }
}

def md5(user):
    import hashlib
    import time
    #當前時間,相當於生成一個隨機的字符串
    ctime = str(time.time())
    m = hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding='utf-8'))
    m.update(bytes(ctime,encoding='utf-8'))
    return m.hexdigest()

class AuthView(APIView):
    '''用於用戶登錄驗證'''

    authentication_classes = []      #裏面為空,代表不需要認證
    permission_classes = []          #不裏面為空,代表不需要權限
    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        ret = {'code':1000,'msg':None}
        try:
            user = request._request.POST.get('username')
            pwd = request._request.POST.get('password')
            obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user,password=pwd).first()
            if not obj:
                ret['code'] = 1001
                ret['msg'] = '用戶名或密碼錯誤'
            #為用戶創建token
            token = md5(user)
            #存在就更新,不存在就創建
            models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=obj,defaults={'token':token})
            ret['token'] = token
        except Exception as e:
            ret['code'] = 1002
            ret['msg'] = '請求異常'
        return JsonResponse(ret)


class OrderView(APIView):
    '''
    訂單相關業務(只有SVIP用戶才能看)
    '''

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        self.dispatch
        #request.user
        #request.auth
        ret = {'code':1000,'msg':None,'data':None}
        try:
            ret['data'] = ORDER_DICT
        except Exception as e:
            pass
        return JsonResponse(ret)


class UserInfoView(APIView):
    '''
       訂單相關業務(普通用戶和VIP用戶可以看)
       '''
    permission_classes = [MyPremission,]    #不用全局的權限配置的話,這裏就要寫自己的局部權限
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        print(request.user)
        return HttpResponse('用戶信息')
# urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from API.views import AuthView,OrderView,UserInfoView

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('api/v1/auth/',AuthView.as_view()),
    path('api/v1/order/',OrderView.as_view()),
    path('api/v1/info/',UserInfoView.as_view()),
]
# API/utils/auth/py
# auth.py

from rest_framework import exceptions
from API import models
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication


class Authentication(BaseAuthentication):
    '''用於用戶登錄驗證'''
    def authenticate(self,request):
        token = request._request.GET.get('token')
        token_obj = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
        if not token_obj:
            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('用戶認證失敗')
        #在rest framework內部會將這兩個字段賦值給request,以供後續操作使用
        return (token_obj.user,token_obj)

    def authenticate_header(self, request):
        pass

(4)測試

普通用戶訪問OrderView,提示沒有權限

普通用戶訪問UserInfoView,可以返回信息

權限源碼流程

(1)dispatch

def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    `.dispatch()` is pretty much the same as Django's regular dispatch,
    but with extra hooks for startup, finalize, and exception handling.
    """
    self.args = args
    self.kwargs = kwargs
    #對原始request進行加工,豐富了一些功能
    #Request(
    #     request,
    #     parsers=self.get_parsers(),
    #     authenticators=self.get_authenticators(),
    #     negotiator=self.get_content_negotiator(),
    #     parser_context=parser_context
    # )
    #request(原始request,[BasicAuthentications對象,])
    #獲取原生request,request._request
    #獲取認證類的對象,request.authticators
    #1.封裝request
    request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)
    self.request = request
    self.headers = self.default_response_headers  # deprecate?

    try:
        #2.認證
        self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)

        # Get the appropriate handler method
        if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
            handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),
                                  self.http_method_not_allowed)
        else:
            handler = self.http_method_not_allowed

        response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

    except Exception as exc:
        response = self.handle_exception(exc)

    self.response = self.finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs)
    return self.response

(2)initial

def initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    Runs anything that needs to occur prior to calling the method handler.
    """
    self.format_kwarg = self.get_format_suffix(**kwargs)

    # Perform content negotiation and store the accepted info on the request
    neg = self.perform_content_negotiation(request)
    request.accepted_renderer, request.accepted_media_type = neg

    # Determine the API version, if versioning is in use.
    version, scheme = self.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs)
    request.version, request.versioning_scheme = version, scheme

    # Ensure that the incoming request is permitted
    #4.實現認證
    self.perform_authentication(request)
    #5.權限判斷
    self.check_permissions(request)
    self.check_throttles(request)

(3)check_permissions

裏面有個has_permission這個就是我們自己寫的權限判斷

def check_permissions(self, request):
    """
    Check if the request should be permitted.
    Raises an appropriate exception if the request is not permitted.
    """
    #[權限類的對象列表]
    for permission in self.get_permissions():
        if not permission.has_permission(request, self):
            self.permission_denied(
                request, message=getattr(permission, 'message', None)
            )

(4)get_permissions

def get_permissions(self):
    """
    Instantiates and returns the list of permissions that this view requires.
    """
    return [permission() for permission in self.permission_classes]

(5)permission_classes

所以settings全局配置就如下

#全局
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
   "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":['API.utils.permission.SVIPPremission'],
}

內置權限

django-rest-framework內置權限BasePermission

默認是沒有限制權限

class BasePermission(object):
    """
    A base class from which all permission classes should inherit.
    """

    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        """
        Return `True` if permission is granted, `False` otherwise.
        """
        return True

    def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
        """
        Return `True` if permission is granted, `False` otherwise.
        """
        return True

我們自己寫的權限類,應該去繼承BasePermission,修改之前寫的permission.py文件

# utils/permission.py

from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission

class SVIPPremission(BasePermission):
    message = "必須是SVIP才能訪問"
    def has_permission(self,request,view):
        if request.user.user_type != 3:
            return False
        return True


class MyPremission(BasePermission):
    def has_permission(self,request,view):
        if request.user.user_type == 3:
            return False
        return True

總結:

(1)使用

  • 自己寫的權限類:1.必須繼承BasePermission類; 2.必須實現:has_permission方法

(2)返回值

  • True 有權訪問
  • False 無權訪問

(3)局部

  • permission_classes = [MyPremission,]

(4)全局

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
   #權限
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":['API.utils.permission.SVIPPremission'],
}

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